PART I - Multiple choice. Circle the correct answer
for each question.

1. Parazoans that have an internal skeleton composed of spicules.
     a. Cnidaria
     b. Annelida
     c. Mollusca
     d. Arthropoda
     e. Porifera

2. A radially symmetrical animal that has two
    embryonic germ layers belongs to which phylum?
     a. Porifera
     b. Giardia
     c. Platyhelminthes
     d. Ctenophora
     e. Mollusca

3. All of the following are protostomes EXCEPT
      a. mollusks
      b. echinoderms
      c. annelids
      d. rotifers
      e. arthropods

4. All of the following are characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria
       EXCEPT
      a. a gastrovascular cavity
      b. a polyp stage
      c. a medusa stage
      d. cnidocytes
      e. a pseudocoelom

5. Which class of the phylum Cnidaria occurs only as a polyp?
      a. hydrozoa
      b. scyphozoa
      c. anthozoa
      d. hydrozoa and anthozoa
      e. hysrozoa, scyphozoa, and anthozoa

6. Which of the following are not found in sponges?
      a. an osculum
      b. a spongocoel
      c. cnidocytes
      d. spicules
      e. amoebocytes

7 . Deuterostomes include
      a. annelids
      b. echinoderms
      c. mollusks
      d. both a and c

8. In the phylum Platyhelminthes, which of the
      following classes is mostly parasitic?
      a. turbellaria
      b. trematoda
      c. cestoda
      d. trematoda and cestoda
      e. turbellaria, trematoda, and cestoda

9. You are given a bilaterally symmetrical
      worm-like animal to identify. Upon dissection
      you find that an endoderm, mesoderm,
      ectoderm, and true coelom are present. The
      animal can most likely be classified in
      the phylum
      a. Platyhelminthes
      b. Nematoda
      c. Annelida
      d. Porifera

10. All of the following are generally
      characterisitic of animals EXCEPT
      a. they ingest food
      b. they stroe carbohydrates as glycogen
      c. they lack cell walls
      d. they reproduce sexually with the haploid
          stage dominating the life cycle

11. The "tail end" of an animal is also known as  the
      a. anterior end
      b. dorsal end
      c. posterior end
      d. ventral end

12. Proboscis worms (Nemertea)
      a. have a one-way digestive system
      b. order carry-out pizza everynight
      c. have blood vessels
      d. both a and c

13. In plants, the multicellular embryo develops within the:
      a. antheridium.
      b. archegonium.
      c. stomata.
      d. ascocarp.
      e. basidia.

14 . Which of the following is a vascular plant?
      a. moss
      b. fern
      c. liverwort
      d. bracket fungus
      e. toadstool

15. Mosses and liverworts are limited to being relatively small
       because they lack:
      a. sperm.
      b. eggs.
      c. vascular tissue.
      d. roots.
      e. reproductive structures.

16. In moss, the _________ grows into the gametophyte plant.
      a. protonema
      b. seta
      c. capsule
      d. antheridium
      e. prothallus

17 . ________ are small leaves which have  a single vascular strand
      and are seen in club mosses.
      a. megaphylls
      b. microphylls
      c. sporophylls
      d. strobili
      e. gemmae

18 . Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive
      parts on the same tree, termed:
      a. deciduous.
      b. dioecious.
      c. monoecious.
      d. monocot.
      e. dicot.

19 . The dominant generation in conifers is the:
      a. gametophyte.
      b. sporophyll.
      c. sporophyte.
      d. gametophyll.
      e. sporocyst.

20. A plant which has parallel veins and floral parts in threes would
       be classified as
      a. monocot.
      b. gymnosperm.
      c. dicot.
      d. basidiomycota.
      e. tricot.

21 . Monocot leaves typically have ___________ venation.
      a. palmately netted
      b. netted venation
      c. parallel venation
      d. pinnately netted
      e. all of these

22 . One main root is to many roots of the same size developing
      from the end of the stem, as:
      a. a fibrous root system is to a taproot system
      b. a lateral root is to a fibrous root system
      c. a taproot system is to a fibrous root system
      d. an adventitious root is to a taproot system
      e. a storage root is to a taproot system

23 Cell walls of fungi are composed of:
      a. cellulose.
      b. peptidoglycan.
      c. lipopolysaccharides.
      d. chitin.
      e. chlorophyll

24 . ________ hyphae are multinucleate and not divided by septa.
      a. monokaryotic
      b. unicellular
      c. ascomycete
      d. coenocytic
      e. sporophyllous

25 . The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:
      a. zygospores.
      b. ascospores.
      c. asci.
      d. basidia
      e. mycorrhiza

26 . The ________ in the life cycle of Rhizopus is diploid.
      a. hypha
      b. zygote
      c. asexual spores
      d. aplanospores
      e. mycelia

27 . Asexual reproduction in sac fungi involves production of spores
      called:
      a. asci.
      b. basidia.
      c. aplanospores.
      d. gemmae.
      e. conidiospores.

Part II-Matching. Match the characteristic(s) listed
below to the appropriate Phylum. Some items
may be used more than once or not at all.

a. diploblastic
b. radially symmetrical
c. one opening to digestive tract, protostomate
d. pseudocoelom
e. jellyfishes, corals, anemones
f. ribbon worms
g .move by pseudopodia .
h . spongocoel
i . Giardia, Trichonympha
.

____ Porifera
____ Cnidaria
____ foraminifera
____ Platyhelminthes
____ Rhizopoda
____ Rotifera
____ Nematoda
____ Ctenophera
____ Nemertea

Part III-Short Answer.

1. Animals that are multicellular but do not possess a tissue level of
    organization are placed into the subkingdom?

2. Animals with a body that can be divided into right and left halves
     have what type of symmetry?

3. The inner layer of sponges is lined with flagellated cells called?
    

4. Jellyfish have a flattend, free-swimming body type known as a?
    

5. Which division of plants, consisting of upright
    stems and rhizomes, is considered the link
    between the chlorophyta and other vascular
    plants?

6. Plants which are dioecious are bisexual. True or
    False?

7. Which division of plants is seedless and has
      leaves called megaphylls clustered in whorls
      arounds nodes on the stems?

8. A tight cluster of sporophylls found in
      clubmosses is known as a?

9. In the coniferophyta, several eggs are
     fertilized and begin development. This
      condition is known as?

10. The fungus which infects rye plants and causes
    a disease known as St. Anthony's Fire is
    (genus and species)?

Part IV-Essay.

1. List three major advances of the Platyhelminthes. (6 pts)
    
2 . List two major advances of the Nemertea?  (6 pts)
   

3 . What problems did plants face in moving on to
     land and how did they overcome these
     problems (5 pts)?
    

4. What are two major differences between the
     Bryophytes and Tracheophytes (4 pts)?
    

5 . Define these terms (4 pts):
    heterothallic-
    embryo sac-

6. List and describe the various symbiotic
    relationships (6 pts).